quarta-feira, 30 de março de 2011

Como posso melhorar a minha listening comprehension? – Parte 2/3


Por Michael Jacobs


Confira a primeira parte desse artigo em: Como posso melhorar a minha “listening comprehension”? – Parte 1/3

Na primeira semana, um amigo – bem, ainda não era de fato um amigo, mas viria a ser – testou as suas habilidades de professor e começou a me ensinar os dias da semana. You know, segunda-feira, terça-feira… acho que não preciso dizê-los todos. Ai, que sofrimento! Não conseguia decorá-los, e os misturava, também. Não acertava a seqüência correta. “Sábado” e “domingo” não foram um problema tão grande, mas as duas palavras juntas dos dias da semana me atormentavam muito. Mas persisti e, dentro de umas duas semanas, estava pronto para maiores desafios. Não quero dizer com isso que, naquele ínterim, não tenha tentado outros lances, do tipo “quente”, “frio”, o verbo “gostar (de)” – este, sim, uma grande dor de cabeça, porque para nós, gringos, é um verbo bastante complexo. Ao aprender “gostar (de)”, tinha a tendência de omitir o “de”, o “da” e o “do” que viriam depois do verbo. O interessante é que o verbo correspondente em inglês, like, também é muito complicado. E não é que é um dos primeiros que queremos aprender na nova língua?

Onde eu estava? Ah, sim, falando das palavras que aprendi nas minhas primeiras duas semanas por aqui. Claro, não me lembro de todas elas, mas uma ocasião é nítida na minha memória: eu tentava obter instruções em São Paulo de como e onde pegar um ônibus para Santos. Acho que eu estava no bairro do Ipiranga. O meu vocabulário referente ao assunto estava limitado a “Eu vou para Santos” e “ônibus”. “Onde” era uma palavra que já conhecia, mas que tinha esquecido naquele momento. Com o verbo “pegar”, era pior: ele nem sequer havia entrado no meu vocabulário. A propósito: dizer “Eu vou para Santos”, a primeira frase inteira que consegui articular, me enchia de orgulho.

Como era gostoso poder me comunicar, mesmo parcialmente! Apanhei pra caramba pra achar onde deveria pegar o ônibus. Mas, de qualquer maneira, cheguei a Santos e, pelo que me lembro, foi naquele mesmo dia!

Outro fator que creio ser importante para melhorar a listening comprehension é fazer a distinção entre os verbos to listen e to hear, que, como você já deve saber, funcionam de maneira diferente daquela que ocorre em português. Se você pensa em “ouvir” apenas como to hear, e em to listen apenas como “escutar”, já começa com certa desvantagem. Pois, para melhorar, você precisará listen carefully, ou seja, “ouvir”, mas prestando bastante atenção. Concentrar-se bastante nos sons ao seu redor – e não é que ouvir os outros é uma habilidade, uma qualidade que muitos de nós precisamos desenvolver bastante? Realmente, ouvir os outros prestando bastante atenção no que estão dizendo é uma arte. Afinal, muitos de nós parecem ficar de boca fechada apenas o tempo suficiente para esperar uma brecha e, nisto, introduzir uma opinião própria.

Bom, vamos voltar ao que interessa.



Fonte: http://www.teclasap.com.br

terça-feira, 29 de março de 2011

Como posso melhorar a minha listening comprehension? – Parte 1/3


Por Michael Jacobs

Recebo um montão de e-mails com a mesma pergunta, que, embora colocada de várias formas, se resume a How can I improve my listening comprehension?. Outros leitores ainda usam, erroneamente, hearing: How can I improve my hearing?

Antes de mais nada, este é um bom momento para corrigir essa última frase. O inglês está perfeito – desde que você queira saber como melhorar a audição. Pois hearing é justamente isto: audição. A minha sugestão inicial, portanto, seria o uso de cotonetes. Se estes não surtirem efeito, talvez seja indicada aquela lavagem horrível, uma cirurgia ou, no limite, um aparelho (a hearing aid), daqueles com fone de ouvido e pilha. Afinal, quem tem problemas com sua hearing possivelmente está sofrendo de algum distúrbio físico – uma deficiência auditiva –, cujo final triste poderia ser a surdez. Claro, não recebo correspondências que seriam mais bem dirigidas aos médicos; digo isso apenas no intuito de corrigir o inglês.

Cf. Falsas Gêmeas: HEAR x LISTEN

Também acho interessantes as tentativas de verter listening comprehension para o português. Bem que a maioria tenta, e é por isso que a palavra hearing surge. Pessoalmente, também nunca achei uma palavra ou frase adequada. Então, de agora em diante, vou tratar sempre de listening comprehension, e fim de papo. Afinal, listening comprehension significa a compreensão daquilo que se ouve. Bom, o que eu – um simples professor de inglês – posso sugerir para ajudar? Além de dizer “Preste mais atenção, e a melhora virá com o tempo”, que é a minha tendência (ou tem sido até o momento, pelo menos), não tenho muito a acrescentar. Ou será que tenho?

Primeiro, precisamos lembrar que cada pessoa aprende de maneira diferente. Eu, por exemplo, sou muito mais visual. Com freqüência, preciso ver a palavra escrita antes de conseguir decorá-la. Outros são mais auditivos, memorizando tudo só de ouvir. O assunto é tão complexo que acredito não existirem respostas simples. (Talvez nem mesmo respostas complexas! Será que existem respostas para uma pergunta assim?)

Entretanto, neste livro acho que devo enfrentar a questão. Mas por onde começar? Penso naqueles que, nesta altura, poderiam estar quererendo entrar no campo das ciências que estudam e tratam do sistema límbico do córtex do hemisfério direito do cérebro, que comanda as funções do lado esquerdo do corpo, e vice-versa, mas, sinceramente, não é a minha praia (e nem sei se acertei no vocabulário). Honestamente, não sei o que recomendar, além de mais treino e mais treino e mais treino. Fitas, filmes, leitura (para adquirir vocabulário), aulas e conversação. O que mais posso dizer?

E se alguém exigisse de você uma resposta? O que você diria? Quem sabe você poderia começar listando atividades como as que mencionei acima? Assistir a vídeos em inglês com as legendas escondidas, ou mesmo a fitas sem legenda. Ouvir a suas músicas favoritas, tentando entender a letra, para depois checar a sua compreensão e repetir as palavras. Existem ótimas publicações que vêm com diálogos gravados em fita, para você treinar. Poderia até usar aquele velho recurso – o livro! E agora vou usar uma palavra que tento evitar nas coisas que escrevo: etcétera, abreviada para etc. Livros, vídeos, fitas, música, aulas, conversação etc.

Há tanto material disponível no mercado para ajudar o aluno a melhorar a sua listening comprehension que está longe de mim querer reinventar a roda. Acredito que as editoras sabem o que fazem, e, se existisse algo revolucionário para lançar, elas com certeza estariam fazendo exatamente isso. O fato de não o fazerem parece transmitir uma mensagem clara e objetiva, não acha?

Talvez ajude se eu me lembrar de como foi o meu processo de aprendizagem do português. Vamos tentar juntos? OK. No início, tudo parecia que eram sons estranhos – eu não entendia nada! Frustrante? You bet. No meu primeiro dia de Brasil, lembro-me de que, ao ser apresentado a uma pessoa que me disse “Muito prazer”, respondi “Mootu pléja”. Havia entendido pleasure! Viu só? Não estava tão longe assim. Mas olha só o que aconteceu: repeti o som que ouvi, e a pessoa deve ter pensado que eu era um nativo, um brasileiro de fato. Vá, concorde comigo… Senão, vou parar por aqui.

OK. Concordou. Ainda bem. Vou continuar...

Fonte: http://www.teclasap.com.br/blog

quinta-feira, 24 de março de 2011

Better Homework, Revision & Examinations for ESL Students


by
Josef Essberger

Even if you are learning English in a school, you probably spend a lot of time working alone on your English. The time you spend working alone is actually very valuable for you. And you can increase its value by working in a disciplined, systematic way. At the same time, try to relax. Be cool. You will learn more easily and more quickly.

Here are some tips to help you learn as efficiently as possible. We will consider three aspects of your work:

1.Homework: INput; new language, new grammar, new vocabulary; exercises
2.Revision: reinforcement; looking again at what you have already studied; consolidation. This is very important.
3.The Examination: OUTput; this could be a major exam like the Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English, or an exam like the TOEIC, or a test at school.
Homework
•Decide what time to do your homework each day - and then do it at that time without fail!
•Find a convenient place to work and always work in that place.
•Do your work progressively, a little at a time. Don't wait until you have a lot to do. That will worry you, and you will find it hard to start.
•Be disciplined about your homework time. Don't waste your homework time doing other things, like telephoning friends or making cups of coffee!
•Keep all your work together in a folder or file. Keep it tidy. Don't do it on scraps of paper.
•Keep a record of what you have done each week - and what you plan to do the next week.
•Leave time in your plan for unexpected events.
Revision
•Revise in an organised way. Make a plan at the beginning - and follow to it!
•Do not spend all your time revising! Try to spend time on your normal hobbies and your social life.
•Make your revision interesting by relating it to the real world - the news, for example, or your job.
•Make notes for your revision constantly. And try to practise what you revise.
•If you do not understand something, ASK! Never be afraid to ask. Ask your teacher, ask the local library, ask EnglishCLUB.net. Asking questions helps you to understand.
•Try to talk to other people about your revision. Discuss any problems with your friends and family.
•If it seems difficult, think about the future. You are working hard now for a better future!
The Examination
•Try to relax the night before the exam. Do not revise too late. Go to bed early!
•On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast. Leave home early, so that you will not panic if the traffic is bad.
•Do not worry if you are nervous. It is normal and natural to be nervous. It will make you more alert for the exam and so you will do better.
•Read the exam paper very carefully. Be sure that you understand all the instructions - and then follow them!
•Look for the questions that have the highest marks or points. Do them first.
•Give yourself a time limit for each question so that you can finish the whole exam.
•Make sure that you include your name and all necessary details (examination number, centre number etc) correctly.
Finally, try to be relaxed about your studies. Language is only a method of communication. It is really quite easy. You are already an expert in your own language. Soon you will be an expert in English too!

© 1999 Josef Essberger

Source: http://www.englishclub.com

quarta-feira, 23 de março de 2011

Listening: A good way to learn English








by
Weena Kanadpon

Everyone knows that there are four skills in learning a language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. They are always related in terms of usage, and speaking is viewed by learners as the most desirable skill in face-to-face communication in the globalization era. However, what is the answer to the following questions?

•What do you have to do before you can speak?
•What does a child learn before he talks?
•What do we do before chatting?
Listen, of course!

Naturally, children begin listening to their parents when they are babies. They are often greeted, spoken to and admired without any response expected. Though nobody knows if the baby understands the spoken words, the process continues. Children automatically acquire such language over some time, and later on gradually produce it through actual experience. The production may be incomplete at first, but successful at last. That leads to speaking skill which is quite applicable to daily conversation.

In learning English, listening can help improve speaking considerably. Although it is the first of all skills, it is neither the easiest nor the most meaningless. We need to hear various types of English repeatedly and continuously if we want to communicate properly, meaningfully and naturally.

Why is listening good?
1.When listening, we are reviewing a lot of English usage such as vocabulary, grammatical structures, intonation, accent and our own interpretation.
2.We can learn new words and expressions by hearing them frequently.
3.Besides the English revision, general knowledge from news, features, or even advertising spots is certainly beneficial for regular listeners.
4.We can imitate what we hear and apply it with great confidence.
5.Listening can be a good "hobby" while we do other things such as cooking, ironing, exercising, relaxing etc. In other words, we have no wasted time at all.
6.Listening is also a great way to train our attention.
How can we listen to English?
Nowadays, radio cassette recorders are household appliances, but we often overlook their radio function. We can experience English language radio programmes almost anywhere in the world. They are usually picked up on FM bands and aired particularly for foreigners. Short wave radio programmes are another option. Two of the most easily found English language broadcasters are the BBC and Voice of America. Today, you can even access them by internet. You'll find some useful links for listening to the radio by internet, including "News in Easy English", here.

© 2002 Weena Kanadpon

Weena Kanadpon is a Thai teacher of English. She teaches at Thap Put Witthaya School in Phagnga, southern Thailand. She discovered for herself the value of listening to the radio, and how to find English language radio programmes in Thailand.

domingo, 20 de março de 2011

Moradores mandam recado para Obama em "inglês carioquês"

Moradores mandam recado para Obama em "inglês carioquês"


A barreira do idioma é o principal temor das autoridades norte-americanas sobre a eficiência do discurso de Barack Obama no Rio de Janeiro no próximo domingo. O comício em ingles terá telão com tradução para o português. No video acima, populares mandam recado para o presidente norte-americano que visita o país a partir deste sábado...



Fonte: Uol

quinta-feira, 17 de março de 2011

St. Patrick´s day!


St. Patrick's Day is an Irish holiday celebrated all around the globe to honor the patron saint of Ireland, Saint Patrick. Read on to learn more about the origin of the holiday and about the man who inspired it or visit our "Fun Facts about St. Patrick's Day" story.

For even more on St. Patrick's Day, visit our St. Patrick's Day main holiday page for crafts, clip art, recipes, and more.

When Is St. Patrick's Day?
Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated each year on March 17th.

Note for 2008: For 2008, the Catholic Church has officially moved St. Patrick's Day to Saturday, March 15th to avoid a conflict with the Holy Week leading up to Easter Sunday. Most secular establishments in the US and Canada, such as restaurants and bars, will continue to celebrate the holiday on March 17th, and the 17th will remain a national day off from work in Ireland.

Who Was Saint Patrick?
Even though Saint Patrick the patron saint of Ireland and one of the most celebrated religious figures around the world, the factual information about his life and times is quite vague. Most information about St. Patrick has been twisted, embellished, or simply made up over centuries by storytellers, causing much ambiguity about the real life of St. Patrick. However, there are a some elements of his story about which most scholars accept to be true.

According to Coilin Owens, Irish literature expert and Professor Emeritus of English at George Mason University, Saint Patrick is traditionally thought to have lived "between 432-461 A.D., but more recent scholarship moves the dates up a bit." At the age of sixteen he was kidnapped from his native land of the Roman British Isles by a band pirates, and sold into slavery in Ireland. Saint Patrick worked as a shepherd and turned to religion for solace. After six years of slavery he escaped to the Irish coast and fled home to Britain.

While back in his homeland, Patrick decided to become a priest and then decided to return to Ireland after dreaming that the voices of the Irish people were calling him to convert them to Christianity.

After studying and preparing for several years, Patrick traveled back to Ireland as a Christian missionary. Although there were already some Christians living in Ireland, St. Patrick was able to bring upon a massive religious shift to Christianity by converting people of power. Says Prof. Owens, "[St. Patrick] is credited with converting the nobles; who set an example which the people followed."

But Patrick's desire to spread of Christianity was not met without mighty opposition. Prof. Owens explains, "Patrick ran into trouble with the local pagan priesthood, the druids: and there are many stories about his arguments with them as well as his survival of plots against them." He laid the groundwork for the establishment of hundreds of monasteries and churches that eventually popped up across the Irish country to promote Christianity.

Saint Patrick is also credited with bringing written word to Ireland through the promotion of the study of legal texts and the Bible, says Prof. Owens. Previous to Patrick, storytelling and history were reliant on memory and orally passing down stories.

Patrick's mission in Ireland is said to have lasted for thirty years. It is believe he died in the 5th century on March 17, which is the day St. Patrick's Day is commemorated each year.

The first year St. Patrick's Day was celebrated in America in 1737 in Boston, Massachusetts. The first official St. Patrick's Day parade was held in New York City in 1766. As the saying goes, on this day "everybody is Irish!" Over 100 U.S. cities now hold Saint Patrick's Day parades.

Alecia Dixon is a freelance contributor. Laura Young is editor of Crafts and Holidays & Fun on Kaboose.com.

Better Homework, Revision & Examinations for ESL Students


by Josef Essberger

Even if you are learning English in a school, you probably spend a lot of time working alone on your English. The time you spend working alone is actually very valuable for you. And you can increase its value by working in a disciplined, systematic way. At the same time, try to relax. Be cool. You will learn more easily and more quickly.

Here are some tips to help you learn as efficiently as possible. We will consider three aspects of your work:

1.Homework: INput; new language, new grammar, new vocabulary; exercises
2.Revision: reinforcement; looking again at what you have already studied; consolidation. This is very important.
3.The Examination: OUTput; this could be a major exam like the Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English, or an exam like the TOEIC, or a test at school.
Homework
•Decide what time to do your homework each day - and then do it at that time without fail!
•Find a convenient place to work and always work in that place.
•Do your work progressively, a little at a time. Don't wait until you have a lot to do. That will worry you, and you will find it hard to start.
•Be disciplined about your homework time. Don't waste your homework time doing other things, like telephoning friends or making cups of coffee!
•Keep all your work together in a folder or file. Keep it tidy. Don't do it on scraps of paper.
•Keep a record of what you have done each week - and what you plan to do the next week.
•Leave time in your plan for unexpected events.
Revision
•Revise in an organised way. Make a plan at the beginning - and follow to it!
•Do not spend all your time revising! Try to spend time on your normal hobbies and your social life.
•Make your revision interesting by relating it to the real world - the news, for example, or your job.
•Make notes for your revision constantly. And try to practise what you revise.
•If you do not understand something, ASK! Never be afraid to ask. Ask your teacher, ask the local library, ask EnglishCLUB.net. Asking questions helps you to understand.
•Try to talk to other people about your revision. Discuss any problems with your friends and family.
•If it seems difficult, think about the future. You are working hard now for a better future!
The Examination
•Try to relax the night before the exam. Do not revise too late. Go to bed early!
•On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast. Leave home early, so that you will not panic if the traffic is bad.
•Do not worry if you are nervous. It is normal and natural to be nervous. It will make you more alert for the exam and so you will do better.
•Read the exam paper very carefully. Be sure that you understand all the instructions - and then follow them!
•Look for the questions that have the highest marks or points. Do them first.
•Give yourself a time limit for each question so that you can finish the whole exam.
•Make sure that you include your name and all necessary details (examination number, centre number etc) correctly.
Finally, try to be relaxed about your studies. Language is only a method of communication. It is really quite easy. You are already an expert in your own language. Soon you will be an expert in English too!

© 1999 Josef Essberger

Source: http://www.englishclub.com